A LOOK AT MILTON SANTOS IN HIS BOOK "BY A NEW GEOGRAPHY"

MILTON SANTOS

Milton Santos, one of the most famous geographers of the twentieth century and the first decade of the century, is a thinker and geographer who has proposed a new way of thinking about geography, I give and explain various concepts identified and gave solution to different problems and interests in society, seen from the perspective of the school to which he belonged Milton Santos. In this first part, I'll discuss the work presented by the same Milton in his book "new geography"
Forging an ideology critique of geography made from a bed capitalist, the problems that come along with it and the benefits that brings to the countries that are participate in this production, spoke about geography as a colonial instrument, as spoken by French geographer Yves Lacoste, who in his book "Geography as an instrument of war" is about as geography and cartographic knowledge empowers senior elites, creating a greater knowledge of the territory and greater ability to expand into other, so that Milton talked about how the geography evolved along with colonialism.
Determinism, his explanation of the notions of determinism itself, the way of life, determinism geographical school German school that belongs Milton. Entering the area of ​​cultural geography, Milton wrote of the aforementioned types of life, in cultural geography, Santos cites several authors, which shows its affinity to them, for example Carl Sauer, which in a nutshell said that different forms of conception of geography led to the delineation of, for if it were, in different points of view of geography.
The ways of life, is a concept proposed by Vidal de la Blache in 1911, is one of the most iconic and outstanding concepts contributed by French geography and a paradigm that guides modern human geography, as the approach Vidal gives the concept, all seen from the point of view of Milton, is seen as the man comes to terms with nature through a series of techniques mixed with local culture.
Furthermore, authors objected and left see is that the concept of genre of life had an "expiration" to some areas of society, not applicable to them this concept, the variability of time and the reason I let see Max Sorre, who said that such a concept was applicable only for underdeveloped societies, and that the modern world could not be, for the simple fact that, according Sorre, modern communities receive impulses from the outside, which breaks pit with the principles set by Vidal in the early twentieth century.
The discussion raised by the possibilistic and deterministic, the eternal discussion that gives rise to it, which determined that the environment determines the man or the man is able to modify the environment to their own needs.
Entering the field of quantitative geography, which also speaks of Milton, the search for a mathematical language, has its rise in cartography, geography to get more roll take a role scientific seek precision accuracy in geographical research, which led to this search quantiveness thereof. Create a science similar to the basic sciences, such as call Milton, geography science to back their greatest desire of quantitativists.
 On the other hand, an author named Ian Burton, who found and classified mainly five opponents of quantitative geography, which generally rejected and believed that this view of geography, would lead to a bad way to it Quantitative methods failed to confront the most important thing that geography was looking, it was the inclusion of the research landscape within the forms and circumstances that occur within it, things that numbers can not quantify.
The call to discuss crisis Santos, concerns the reasons why geography was undergoing a very slow evolution that filled the expectations of what was needed, he said the main cause was the aferración of past ideas, the old ideas to the new, current.
According to Ritter, the loss of space was evident in the nineteenth century, even where there was not much knowledge about the social sciences, was until 1945 that the translation was made at the time and date, the division of social science achievement that each of these points were devoted to establishing research questions together created an interdisciplinary, which helped even more to geography to build its own object of study.
We came to a choice, worth more define the space or geography, hence the lack of definition of our own concept study, nothing worse for a geographer confuse methodological exercise science itself and its object.
The space, what space is the object of study of geography?, That question made her many researchers, but Milton Santos I conclude wonder if we see the social space as a reflection or as a social fact, everything comes the form of perception, in the case of Ratzel and Hettner, space see it as a way of seeing things, or intuition, is simply a form of perception. On the other hand, there is Russell's statement, which says that space is "unitary space of common sense is a construct, but is a deliberate construction. Hegel says that space exists only in the mind, and so several authors find that claim and bring their ideas to reach a conclusion, from thinking that God created space as Campanella says until told by Durkheim.
So we can say that the space apart from being the most studied object of study in the social sciences, also not homogeneous space is uneven distribution depends on three factors: growth in birth on morbidity, internal migration and external and how the population is distributed within a country, is not homogeneous due to social factors printed in societies.
In another vein, Milton talk about something else now over, it has to do with past research yet, globalization, a new topic of interest in the investigation of Milton, he says that globalization is the state supreme internationalization, is inclusive of all people and all sides but at different levels.
With globalization, comes together with globalization of geographic space, more room for acting and throw geographers walking their research, the introduction of telecommunications play an important role in shaping the geographical environment, Milton observes that through this process of conceiving new geographical space, other problems of inequality.
Spaces of globalization, which is considered as a whole, in which streams live there and different levels, flows and hegemonized hegemonic, which run at different speeds, but always inclusive of a global village.
Until the 90's, where Milton Santos makes other observations about globalization, which he says is weak and corrupt, which is mentioned in desubica weak because instead of providing light and perverse, because according to Santos, who believes that society is dominated by violence, vice, impoverishes people in many areas, the union is not sought, it seeks to unify, to the loss of identity.

Santos, Milton (1993) Los espacios de la globalización . Anales de Geografía de la Universidad Complutense, Núm. 13, Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad Complutense. Madrid, 1993, pp. 69-77